Functions Advanced

def add_all(*numbers):
    total = 0
    for num in numbers:
        total += num
    return total

print(add_all(1, 2, 3))        # 6
print(add_all(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))  # 15

def calculate_average(*numbers):
    if len(numbers) == 0:
        return 0
    return sum(numbers) / len(numbers)

print(calculate_average(10, 20, 30))     # 20.0
print(calculate_average(5, 10, 15, 20))  # 12.5

def print_info(**info):
    for key, value in info.items():
        print(f"{key}: {value}")

print_info(name="John", age=25, city="New York")

def create_profile(**details):
    profile = {}
    for key, value in details.items():
        profile[key] = value
    return profile

user = create_profile(name="Sarah", age=28, job="Developer")
print(user)
# {'name': 'Sarah', 'age': 28, 'job': 'Developer'}

def make_pizza(size, *toppings, **details):
    print(f"Size: {size}")

    print("Toppings:")
    for topping in toppings:
        print(f"- {topping}")

    print("Details:")
    for key, value in details.items():
        print(f"{key}: {value}")

make_pizza("Large", "cheese", "pepperoni", crust="thick", delivery=True)

def double(x):
    return x * 2

print(double(5))  # 10

double = lambda x: x * 2

print(double(5))  # 10

lambda parameters: expression

add = lambda a, b: a + b
print(add(3, 5))  # 8

multiply = lambda a, b: a * b
print(multiply(4, 6))  # 24

students = [
    {"name": "John", "age": 25},
    {"name": "Sarah", "age": 22},
    {"name": "Mike", "age": 28}
]

# Sort by age
sorted_students = sorted(students, key=lambda s: s["age"])

for student in sorted_students:
    print(f"{student['name']}: {student['age']}")

numbers = [1, 5, 8, 12, 3, 15]

# Get numbers > 5
big_numbers = list(filter(lambda x: x > 5, numbers))
print(big_numbers)  # [8, 12, 15]

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

# Double each number
doubled = list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers))
print(doubled)  # [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

def calculate_bmi(weight, height):
    """
    Calculate Body Mass Index.

    Parameters:
    weight (float): Weight in kilograms
    height (float): Height in meters

    Returns:
    float: BMI value
    """
    return weight / (height ** 2)

# Access docstring
print(calculate_bmi.__doc__)

def greet(name):
    """Say hello to a person."""
    print(f"Hello {name}!")

def greet_all(*names):
    for name in names:
        print(f"Hello {name}!")

greet_all("John", "Sarah", "Mike")

def build_url(base, **params):
    url = base + "?"
    param_list = []

    for key, value in params.items():
        param_list.append(f"{key}={value}")

    url += "&".join(param_list)
    return url

url = build_url("api.com", user="john", page=1, limit=10)
print(url)
# api.com?user=john&page=1&limit=10

def get_stats(*numbers):
    """Calculate min, max, and average."""
    if not numbers:
        return None

    return {
        "min": min(numbers),
        "max": max(numbers),
        "avg": sum(numbers) / len(numbers)
    }

stats = get_stats(10, 20, 30, 40, 50)
print(stats)
# {'min': 10, 'max': 50, 'avg': 30.0}

def log_message(level, *messages, **details):
    print(f"[{level}]", " ".join(messages))
    if details:
        print("Details:", details)

log_message("ERROR", "Failed", "to", "connect", code=500, retry=True)

def calculate_total(*prices, tax=0.08, discount=0):
    subtotal = sum(prices)
    tax_amount = subtotal * tax
    discount_amount = subtotal * discount
    total = subtotal + tax_amount - discount_amount
    return total

# Regular purchase
print(calculate_total(10, 20, 30))  # 64.8

# With discount
print(calculate_total(10, 20, 30, discount=0.1))  # 58.32

# Wrong
def func(**kwargs, *args):  # Error!

# Correct
def func(*args, **kwargs):

# Too complex for lambda
calc = lambda x: x * 2 if x > 0 else x / 2 if x < 0 else 0

# Better as regular function
def calc(x):
    if x > 0:
        return x * 2
    elif x < 0:
        return x / 2
    else:
        return 0

def func(*args):
    # args is a tuple

def func(**kwargs):
    # kwargs is a dictionary

lambda params: expression

def func():
    """Description here"""