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Data Types I - Numbers

Learn to work with whole numbers and decimal numbers

What You'll Learn

  • Two types of numbers in Python
  • Doing math with numbers
  • Converting between number types

Two Types of Numbers

Python has two main number types:

1. Integers (Whole Numbers)

Numbers without decimals:

code.py
age = 25
students = 30
year = 2024
score = -10

2. Floats (Decimal Numbers)

Numbers with decimal points:

code.py
price = 19.99
temperature = 98.6
height = 5.8
weight = 150.5

Basic Math Operations

Addition (+)

code.py
total = 10 + 5
print(total)
# Shows: 15

price = 100.50 + 25.25
print(price)
# Shows: 125.75

Subtraction (-)

code.py
difference = 20 - 8
print(difference)
# Shows: 12

balance = 500.00 - 150.50
print(balance)
# Shows: 349.5

Multiplication (*)

code.py
total = 5 * 4
print(total)
# Shows: 20

area = 10.5 * 2.0
print(area)
# Shows: 21.0

Division (/)

code.py
result = 20 / 4
print(result)
# Shows: 5.0

half = 10 / 2
print(half)
# Shows: 5.0

Note: Division always gives a float (decimal)!

Power (**)

Multiply a number by itself:

code.py
square = 5 ** 2
print(square)
# Shows: 25 (5 × 5)

cube = 3 ** 3
print(cube)
# Shows: 27 (3 × 3 × 3)

Remainder (%)

Get the leftover after division:

code.py
remainder = 10 % 3
print(remainder)
# Shows: 1 (10 ÷ 3 = 3 with 1 left over)

even_check = 8 % 2
print(even_check)
# Shows: 0 (no remainder means even number)

Working with Numbers

Simple Calculator

code.py
num1 = 10
num2 = 3

print("Add:", num1 + num2)      # 13
print("Subtract:", num1 - num2)  # 7
print("Multiply:", num1 * num2)  # 30
print("Divide:", num1 / num2)    # 3.333...

Real-World Example: Shopping

code.py
price_per_item = 25.50
quantity = 3
tax_rate = 0.08

# Calculate total
subtotal = price_per_item * quantity
tax = subtotal * tax_rate
total = subtotal + tax

print("Subtotal:", subtotal)
print("Tax:", tax)
print("Total:", total)

Mixing Integers and Floats

You can mix them, Python handles it:

code.py
result = 10 + 5.5
print(result)
# Shows: 15.5

total = 100 * 1.5
print(total)
# Shows: 150.0

Converting Number Types

Float to Integer

Removes the decimal part:

code.py
price = 19.99
whole_price = int(price)
print(whole_price)
# Shows: 19 (decimal removed)

Integer to Float

Adds a decimal point:

code.py
age = 25
age_float = float(age)
print(age_float)
# Shows: 25.0

Rounding Numbers

Make decimals shorter:

code.py
price = 19.99876
rounded = round(price, 2)
print(rounded)
# Shows: 20.0 (rounded to 2 decimals)

number = 15.7
rounded_whole = round(number)
print(rounded_whole)
# Shows: 16

Practice Examples

Example 1: Calculate age

code.py
current_year = 2024
birth_year = 1995

age = current_year - birth_year
print("Age:", age)
# Shows: Age: 29

Example 2: Split bill

code.py
total_bill = 150.00
people = 3

per_person = total_bill / people
print("Each person pays:", per_person)
# Shows: Each person pays: 50.0

Example 3: Calculate area

code.py
length = 10.5
width = 8.0

area = length * width
print("Area:", area)
# Shows: Area: 84.0

Order of Operations

Python follows math rules (PEMDAS):

code.py
result = 2 + 3 * 4
print(result)
# Shows: 14 (multiply first, then add)

result = (2 + 3) * 4
print(result)
# Shows: 20 (parentheses first)

Use parentheses () to control order!

Common Mistakes

Mistake 1: Dividing by zero

code.py
result = 10 / 0  # Error!

Mistake 2: Forgetting decimals

code.py
half = 1 / 2
print(half)
# Shows: 0.5 (not 0)

Quick Reference

code.py
+     # Add
-     # Subtract
*     # Multiply
/     # Divide
**    # Power
%     # Remainder

Summary

  • Integers = whole numbers (1, 2, 3)
  • Floats = decimal numbers (1.5, 2.99)
  • Use math operators for calculations
  • Division always gives float
  • Use round() to shorten decimals

What's Next?

Now let's learn about working with text (strings)!

Previous
Variables and Naming
Next
Data Types II - Strings
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